Negative Effects Of Cloning - 1301 Words

Cloning is something that has plagued scientists and mankind on whether the experiment is the right or wrong thing to target. In the passages, it talks about the positive and negative outcomes that come with cloning. Even though cloning has many positive results, there are more negative upshots that come with cloning. Cloning was more of an experiment for animals and began growing until the scientists were wanting to try on human beings and other organisms. Cloning has positive and negative results, but the negative impacts that cloning has toward society and the ecosystem are huge and the experimentations shouldn’t keep growing. Cloning is an immense part of excitement for scientists and the operations frequently come out positive. As of†¦show more content†¦Korea printed stamps in his honour and he was feted as an international celebrity. But he was a charlatan, his results were bogus and he had obtained human eggs unethically (Cook 1). This specifically shows how cloning is both beloved throughout the world and dangerous to endeavor. If the fraud got away with claiming the human stem cells, he more likely could ve done worse by physically experimenting humans and possibly doing something atrocious. Frauds such as Hwang Woo-suk make Cloning sound like a great form of experiment to try out, but sadly it’s not. Their are too many unfavorable outcomes to come with cloning and could shape or jumble up an organism. Cloning might sound like a fantasy come to life, but several scientists have calculated the dangers of cloning and how it can have such an impact on the world. This project to dramatically extend the human health span is greatly at odds with the present goals of biogerontology, which are not to buy us more life, but essentially to condense our period of morbidity so that we could live healthy lives and then, within a very narrow period, rapidly deteriorate, like a salmon that has spawned. But the full achievement of this goal would be a nightmare, profoundly at odds with our true aspirations (Stock 1). Cloning is like coffee, where you will have a period to stay alive a little while longer, like having energy for a long period of Grimes 3 time, but once that time is up, you will deteriorate faster likeShow MoreRelatedHuman Cloning: the Negative Effects on Society1587 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Cloning: The Negative Effects on Society Human cloning is possible but also dangerous to society. One day during an assembly in March 1977, a heated debate began over the topic of human cloning. Both sides were getting very involved in the argument. Suddenly a group of protestors stormed the stage. They were protesting human cloning while chanting, We shall not be cloned! During the protest the group held up a sign that said: We will create the perfect race Ââ€" Adolf Hitler (Lester andRead MoreEssay on The Cloning Controversy1271 Words   |  6 Pages Today, the topic of cloning generates more argument then it has ever created before. The controversy over cloning is based, in part, on the fact that there are extreme opposing viewpoints on the subject. Also a major factor in the debate over cloning is a fear of new technology. Throughout history, man has always been slow to adapt to a new technology, or a new way of doing things. We go through all the trouble to adapt to one method, why uproot ourselves and change everything just to do it a differentRead MoreAn Argument against Cloning730 Words   |  3 Pages Against Cloning Introduction The recent past has seen successful research on cloning. Cloning is the asexual reproduction intended to produce an exact copy of an animal or human. In the case of human cloning, this is done by fusing the human DNA into a human egg causing it to divide and grow. This often results into the creation of a copy of an individual. For many years, human dignity has been upheld because human beings are divine beings with peculiar features and capabilities. The developmentRead MoreThe Consequences Of Cloning In Frankenstein By Mary Shelley1470 Words   |  6 PagesThe invention of cloning, both a blessing and a curse, can possibly enable humanity to reach eternal life. An invention is the creation of a device developed after a study or an experiment, in the hopes of benefiting society. The novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley is about an inventor, Victor Frankenstein, who creates life that he later rejects. His invention results in consequences for both himself and his creation. Both cloni ng and the creation of the monster was made to benefit and advance society’sRead More Genetic Engineering Essay993 Words   |  4 Pagesand people’s negative effects on the environment became very apparent. New technology allowed for people to make changes that could possibly be irreversible upon the environment. With the culmination of drastic changes coupled by the advancement of technology, we have genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is both a threat and a benefit for humans in our continuous strive to manipulate the environment. The basic uses for genetic engineering include gene therapy, cloning, biological warfareRead MoreIs Human Cloning Legal? Essay1147 Words   |  5 PagesHuman cloning has not been legally used in humans because many people and experts are still discussing its effectiveness, worthiness and effect on humanity. Human cloning, also known as human genetic engineering, can be divided into two main types, which are therapeutic cloning, growing cloned tissue from individual, and reproductive cloning, genetically identical copy of an individual. Human cloning have drawn people’s attention because people are become more concerned about health problems andRead MoreEssay about The Ethics of Human Cloning979 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ethics of Human Cloning In order to make a fully justified decision on whether human cloning is ethical or not, one must be exposed to the background of the subject. To start, a clone is an exact replica of an organism, cell, or gene. The process itself is done asexually with the use of a cell from the original human. It is then placed inside a female capable of bearing a child and is then born as a clone. Along with this comes questions of whether or not it is rightRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Genetically Modified Food1229 Words   |  5 Pagesadverse effects on several aspects, for instance social ethics problems and Ecological ethics problems. Although this technology has advantages, the negative aspects of this must be valued. Subsequently, three pivotal research results of genetic engineering will be discussed, cloning, delay of decrepitude and genetically modified food. Then benefits and drawbacks will be identified for this three results. Initially, Human Cloning will be disputed. According to Thomas (2013) that cloning is a processRead MoreThe Cloning Should Not Be Banned By The Human Body886 Words   |  4 Pages Cloning Dolly, the sheep in 1996 was a momentous moment in scientific history. Scientists removed the nucleus from one of Dolly s skin cells and engineered an egg to be insert with then nucleus. This egg could have fertilized in a mothers uterus. Following this discovery, mice, pigs and cattle have been cloned based on the same concept. In 2012, a group of scientists took cloning a step further and cloned human embryos. With great certainty, human cloning will be banned by the government dueRead More Cloning Essay723 Words   |  3 Pages Is Human Cloning Ethical? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Imagine that you have just been diagnosed with lung cancer. You have been told you have six months to live unless you can find two replacement lungs. But, you are told and realize you are a clone and have to give your life to save another. Is that ethically right? Would you, the original human want to do it? I feel that cloning human beings is ethically and morally wrong. Cloning seems to be a big issue in the world today. The issues of

The Black Colleges And Universities Essay - 1420 Words

â€Å"Double consciousness describes the individual sensation of feeling as though your identity is divided into several parts, making it impossible to have one unified identity†(Understanding W.E.B DuBois, n.d.). This proposal was brought forth by W.E.B Bois. He believed that African American’s were struggling with these repressed feelings of not knowing who they are; they could not combine their African background with their now developed American identity. This concept was developed in 1903, but is still very relevant today; one may be able to relate the relevance of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) to this theory/ conclusion. At a Historically Black College or University, an individual has the ability to further their education. I decide to attend Virginia Union University to gain a better understanding of my history, to bond with others within the black community, and to profit from the HBCU experience. While attending a Virginia Union Universit y, I am able to further my education while gaining a better understanding of my history. HBCU’s emerged at the conclusion of the Civil War. The constant debate on the importance of educating African Americans was at its peak. Whether it was industrial or liberal education, former slaves knew that it was a vital skill to obtain. Although the government passed the Morrill Act in 1862, providing each state with a facility for higher learning, African Americans were not able to attend these white facilities. It wasShow MoreRelatedThe Black Colleges And Universities Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Historically Black Colleges and Universities, or HBCUs, have played an important role in enriching the lives of not just African Americans, but our entire country.†(Keller) What Ric Keller states here is an opinion that outlines a compelling fact about HBCUs that along with several other significant information that may come as a surprise. Essentially, the great debate be tween the choice of whether an Historically Black College and University or Predominantly White Institution is more beneficialRead MoreAttending A Black College And University1201 Words   |  5 PagesAttending a Historically Black College and University is something I have never imagined, by reason of living in a world where competition is a standard. Growing up during my childlike years I have attended schools where instructors would not take the time to avail you because they are brought under the impression that everyone is on that same level of knowledge. All my life I was stationed in an educational environment where the majority of students were predominantly white. Therefore, making anRead MoreBlack Colleges And Universities ( Hbcus ) Essay1596 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) are institutions of higher education in the United States that were established before 1964. As amended by The Higher Education Act of 1965, a part B institution refers to any â€Å"Historically Black college or university that was established prior to 1964, whose principal mission was, and is, the education of Black Americans, and that is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association determined by the SecretaryRead MoreHistorically Black Colleges And Universities Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesHistorically Black Colleges and Universities, or HBCUs, have played an important role in enriching the lives of not just African Americans, but our entire country.†(Keller) What Ric Keller states here is an opinion that outlines a compelling fact about HBCUs that along with several other significant information that may come as a surprise. Essentially, the great debate between the choice of whether a Histori cally Black College and University or Predominantly White Institution is more beneficial orRead MoreBlack Colleges And Universities ( Hbcus ) Essay1824 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction and Purpose of the Paper Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) were mostly founded shortly after slavery ended in the United States of America. Christopher Brown II and Trimika Yates (2005) stated HBCUs were â€Å" established as formal education centers to educate freed blacks, these institutions began with curriculum that stressed basic reading and math, as well as agricultural and mechanical training.† From that time until the end of 1890 more that 200 schools arise throughoutRead MoreIntroduction. Historically Black Colleges And Universities1300 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) are experiencing low retention rates with first generation college students. The students are not graduating within a four to six year enrollment period, and or are not returning after their freshmen year. As the American workforce looks to colleges and universities to fulfill the workforce pipeline with educated diverse workers, HBCUs are in the spotlight to produce qualified minority graduates. Moreover, HBCU’s are looking to refineRead MoreThe Black College And University Tour This Year974 Words   |  4 PagesTurn your dreams into reality is the motto that guides me every day in life. It would be an honor to receive the Greater Grand Rapids Jack and Jill College Tour Scholarship award to attend the Historical Black College University tour this year. I believe education is the key that opens up many doors and opportunities. Like my mentor always tell me â€Å"education increases your value in life, because the more yo u know the more you can apply, and the more you apply the more you will obtain.† AttendingRead MoreAre Historical Black Colleges Or University s Still Needed?907 Words   |  4 PagesAre Historical Black Colleges Or University’s Still Needed? Students in high school have a very difficult time depicting the college or university of their choice whether there are going to attend a Historical Black College or University, Predominantly White School? As a future educator, I made a commendable choice to attend an HBCU because they are still needed today for successful individuals. Although some African- Americans forget the journey that our ancestors had to go through so we as African-AmericanRead MoreThe Importance Of Alumni Giving Rates At Private Historically Black Colleges And Universities816 Words   |  4 Pages Alumni giving rates at private historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) lag behind the national averages of all private institutions of higher education (Robinson, n.d.). The average alumni giving rate among private HBCUs is 11% (Robinson, n.d.), while all private colleges and universities yield a 20% rate (Malhere, 2015). A culture of philanthropy among HBCU alumni has not been prevalent, althoug h many of the institutions have been producing graduates since the late 19th century.Read MoreThe Historical And Evolutionary Process That Occurred Essay1387 Words   |  6 PagesTo fully understand the significance of our historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU’s), we must examine the historical and evolutionary process that occurred in early education. Education during the colonial period included a strong emphasis on the bible. Leaders wanted students to be able to read and apply biblical principles. Education was primarily used for ministerial purposes. Another primary purpose of education during the countries early development was to serve as a means of

Music and Critical Thinking Questions Free Essays

Review Questions 1. What are the basic elements of music? 2. What is pitch? 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Music and Critical Thinking Questions or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is syncopation? What types of music use syncopation? 4. What are three examples of forms of music? Describe each form. 5. What is form in music? Critical Thinking Questions 1. Music has sometimes been referred to as a ? universal language.? Why has this description been applied to music? Do you agree or disagree with this assessment? Why? 2. Why is musical notation important? What benefits do musicians and others receive from being able to write down and note aspects of a musical piece? 3. In the first part of the unit, we discussed how music is everywhere in society. What are some of the ways that we use music? How do you use music in your own life? 4. Music can help influence the mood or feeling in a place by the way in which it is played. What is a specific example of this that you have experienced? Discuss the experience (what was the song? how was it played? how did the mood/feeling change? . For example, you might discuss an experience at a concert, religious service, or another place where music played a part in creating the mood. 1. Tone, pitch, tempo, rhythm. 2. The quality of a sound governed by the rate of vibrations producing it; the degree of highness or lowness of a tone. 3. A placement of rhythmic stresses or accents where they wouldn’t normally occur. 4. AB form, or binary form, which is two different melodies. ABA, or ternary, whic h a chorus, then a verse, then back to the chorus. And ABACADA, or rondo form, which is one repeating melody with many different ones. 5. Form refers to the overall structure or plan of a piece of music. 1. Because you don’t have to read a specific language to read music, just like math. I agree with it because it’s true. 2. It is important, just as writing down stories. Writing it down gives future generations the ability to read it and analyze. 3. We use it as entertainment. That is how I use it. 4. In restaurants they play upbeat music to keep peolpe in good moods. How to cite Music and Critical Thinking Questions, Papers

Managerial Control Systems

Question: Discuss the organizational structure of commonwealth bank group. Answer: The Commonwealth Bank was formed under the Commonwealth Act 1911 and started their operation in 1912 (commbank.com 2016). This bank has offered two different services to the customers such as money savings facility and general banking services. The organization has more than 800,000 shareholders and 52,000 employees (Simons 2013). The organization has provided a full range of financial services to help people of Australian build and manage their finances. It has been observed that the Commonwealth Bank has provided integrated financial service such as retail banking, business banking, funds management, institutional banking, insurance investment, premium banking and share broking products and service. The strategic strength of the Commonwealth Bank is its brand value, scale and diversified mix in the business. According to Kerzner (2013), the managing director of the Commonwealth Bank has implemented a vertically integrated business. The focus of the management is on the new structural development and deliverables to the customer segments. The Managing Directors of the Commonwealth Bank Mr. David Murray has announced a changed set of responsibilities for the leadership team (Beck et al. 2013). The organization has implemented four new business divisions such as retail banking, premium financial service, investment and insurance service and institutional and business service. As argued by Arjani and Paulin (2013), the new organizational structure has reflected the changed business mix of the Commonwealth Bank and strategic position of the organization. The organization is focused on better wealth management and meets the requirements of the customers. As opined by Hull et al. (2013), the customers want a simple transaction banking service and complex wealth management requirements. It has been observed that the organization has implemented the vertical integration of business units to ensure that the decision making process is high speed and responsiveness. It has been observed that the new structure has been implemented by the authority of the Commonwealth Bank in February, 2002, with an aim to providing development opportunities for the senior executives of the organization (Jeon and Wu 2013). The organization has provided services like retail banking, premium financial service, institutional and business services and investment insurance service. As argued by Schlagwein et al. (2014), the organization has implemented the international financial service, technology implementation, operations and procurement, group human resource management and office of the CEO. The organization has maintained a critical financial responsibility of the customers and the shareholders (Din 2013). The organization has maintained three different centers such as revenue centre, expense centre and profit centre. Revenue Centers: As stated by Simons (2013), in every business the revenue center is a part which gains the revenue from the product sales or service. It has been observed that the manager is responsible for the revenue of the organization. The organization has gained financial support from the more than 800,000 shareholders (Kerzner 2013). It has been observed that more than more than 75% of the staffs are the main shareholders of the organization (Arjani and Paulin 2013). According to the financial report of the organization it has been noticed that the organization has collected more than $4,618 million profit in 2015. As stated by Beck et al. (2013), the annual profit of the organization for the previous year has increased by 2% as compared to the annual profit of 2014. It has been observed that share price of the organization has increased by $1.98 for every share and it remains unchanged till now. The organization has more than $903,075 million assets in 2015 (commbank.com 2016). It has been noticed that the organization has increased their financial performance by implementing the business expansion strategy. The organization has expanded more than 1100 branches in Australia (Arjani and Paulin 2013). On the other hand, the organization has established more than 3,700 post agencies in Australia (Simons 2013). The management has decided to provide better services to their customers. Therefore, the organization has opened more than 4300 ATMs in Australia (Hull et al. 2013). Expense centre: The expenses centers are sections of the organization that do not contribute directly to the profit. The expense centers are divided in two different categories such as cost centers and discretionary expense centers. The business of the private banking organization depends on the small and medium enterprise customers (Jeon and Wu 2013). The customers are regional and agribusiness customers. The customers have provided a wide range of services and solutions to the bank. The organization has provided the service to their personal and institutional online trading customers (Schlagwein et al. 2014). The managers of the Commonwealth Bank have implemented wealth management. Wealth management is the combination two different part of business such as funds management of manufacturing and distributional capacity and services of the organization (Din 2013). The organization has provided the services such as insurance and financial advice business division. The business division includes different segments such as Colonial First State Global Asset management and Colonial First State (Simons 2013). It has been observed that the organization has taken specials advice regarding the organizational financial management and strategy (Kerzner 2013). Moreover, specialists have provided advice on different areas such as finance, treasury, investors relations, security and property. The organization has implemented the risk management strategy to develop appropriate strategies and risk frameworks to allow the group to take conscious exposure to credit. Profit centre: It has been observed that the Commonwealth Bank Group has provided different banking services to their customers such as home loans, credit cards, personal loans, transaction accounts demand and term deposits (Beck et al. 2013). The organization has gained its leading market share in home loans, retail deposit and personal loan department. The organization has offered business loans, equities and trade finances for the agribusiness products. The organization has collected the revenue from the international market also (Arjani and Paulin 2013). The organization has collected more than $4,618 million profit in 2015 (commbank.com 2016). The previous year annual report shows an increase in annual profit by 2% from that of 2014 (commbank.com 2016). It has been observed that share price of the organization has increased by $1.98 for every share and it remains unchanged till now (commbank.com 2016). The organization has more than $903,075 million assets in 2015 (commbank.com 2016). Reference list: Arjani, N. and Paulin, G., 2013.Lessons from the financial crisis: bank performance and regulatory reform(No. 2013-4). Bank of Canada Discussion Paper. Beck, T., De Jonghe, O. and Schepens, G., 2013. Bank competition and stability: cross-country heterogeneity.Journal of financial Intermediation,22(2), pp.218-244. commbank.com, (2016).About Us - Commonwealth Bank overview - CommBank. [online] Commbank.com.au. Available at: https://www.commbank.com.au/about-us/our-company/overview.html [Accessed 6 Jun. 2016]. Din, G.Y., 2013. Performance and profit sensitivity to risk: a practical evaluation of the agro-industrial projects developed by Israeli companies for the CIS and Eastern European countries.Agricultural and Food Economics,1(1), pp.1-23. Hull, J., Treepongkaruna, S., Colwell, D., Heaney, R. and Pitt, D., 2013.Fundamentals of futures and options markets. Pearson Higher Education AU. Jeon, B.N. and Wu, J., 2013. Do Multinational Banks Use Internal Capital Markets and How?: Evidence from Bank-Level Panel Data in Emerging Economies. InEvidence from Bank-Level Panel Data in Emerging Economies (January 25, 2013). Asian Finance Association (AsFA) 2013 Conference. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Schlagwein, D., Thorogood, A. and Willcocks, L.P., 2014. How Commonwealth Bank of Australia Gained Benefits Using a Standards-Based, Multi-Provider Cloud Model.MIS Quarterly Executive,13(4), pp.209-222. Simons, R., 2013.Levers of control: how managers use innovative control systems to drive strategic renewal. Harvard Business Press.

Information Based Decision Making free essay sample

As a manager, it is vital that all decision that I have to make is based on accurate and recorded information. Making decisions are everyday activities and very often it is being performed without really thinking about them. Information based decision making enables me to understand the problem solving cycle, use creativity in decision making, anticipate potential problems, gain the commitment of others to my decisions in order that they may be effectively implemented and I am able to evaluate the effectiveness of the techniques I used. Running a care home for the elderly faces me with an everyday activities of decision making. Please look at the case of Mrs W below. Mrs W has been admitted to our care for six months now. Her care plan states that she has dementia and has a poor short term memory but can make her needs known. Ms W is very mobile. She will always look for her husband and her son thinking that they are still living together and this is the trigger for her to be unsettled and anxious. We will write a custom essay sample on Information Based Decision Making or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mrs W used to be a manageress and supervises a number of workers. She thinks that staff and residents are her workers. She needs constant reminder that she’s not working anymore and where she is now is not her workplace. Mr W, as the next of kin was involved in creating Mrs W’s care plan and he has signed it. A risk assessment was in place to ensure safety of Mrs W. The Kepner-Tregoc method of decision making distinguishes between plans which is seen as the means of dealing with potential problems; problems, seen as deviation from the norms and decisions which are choices between alternatives. Mrs W has a care plan made by the care staff which state of what could be the potential problem that might arise when looking after Mrs W and how the care staff can support her. As mentioned, Mrs W’s dementia presents itself in a poor short term memory and mainly remember only about her husband and son. Also, her workplace and how she manages the people working under her supervision which leads to her being anxious and agitated. Mrs W’s behaviour was getting worst every day. She was becoming physically and verbally aggressive towards staff, visitors and residents. I have advised the staff to start filling in a behavioural chart to find out if there is any pattern to her behaviour. And so there will be a basis in changing the plan of care for Mrs W. The family has been made aware of her behaviour and we have decided to refer her to the GP to rule out any medical condition and for her to be referred to a psychiatrist. GP visit confirmed that Mrs W needs a psychiatric referral. The potential problem has now become an existing problem. Problems needs to be analyzed and it requires sharp observation, analysis, specific comparison all aimed at identifying the cause and taking actions. Psychiatrist came and visited Mrs W and looked at her care plan. Family attended as well. An agreed management/plan of care was created for Mrs W and will be monitored and reviewed in an agreed span of time. Family was agreeable to it. Staff has been informed through handover what were the changes in Mrs W’s care and the care plan was updated. Despite the changes in Mrs W’s care, she now wants to get out of the building almost every day to see her husband and son. Mrs W’s care plan has been reviewed and referred back to psychiatrist and a medication review has been done. Because of Mrs W’s wanting to get out of the building by forcefully banging and opening the door, I have to adhere to the organisation’s policy and procedure and the essential standards of CQC in ensuring that we are not depriving Mrs W’s liberty . And how we manage her when she is physically aggressive is for her best interest. I have made a referral to the safeguarding team to the local council to carry out an assessment for Mrs W. Safeguarding team has done their assessment with the involvement of Mrs W’s family and the care staff. The measures we use to keep Mrs W safe do not deprive her of her liberty. This particular incident, proves that all decision made by our care team were based on information that are available on Mrs W’s care plan. All the data gathered and shared to the health team were used for specified purpose only of ensuring Mrs W receives the best care in the care home. Decision making is about choosing from a range of options. In the case of Mrs W, GP were involved first to rule out any possible medical condition before the referral to the psychiatrist was made. And the involvement of the safeguarding team of the local council. This was made possible because of the quality information through factual recording by the care staff of Mrs W’s behavioural problems. The outcome of the decision in Mrs W’s care has been communicated to the staff through verbal and written handover. All the changes were indicated in her care plan. Staff were advised that it should be carried out with the supervision of the senior carers. Senior carers has the responsibility to monitor the effectiveness of the new care plan and making sure that it is being evaluated every month and make necessary changes based on the information gathers through observation, assessment and input from the care staff. On supervisions of the senior carers, I always ask them to bring in any of the care plan that they should be updating and check if all the necessary updates are being done. It is my way of evaluating /auditing the effectiveness of the communication method we used in the home.

Lightness vs. Weight essays

Lightness vs. Weight essays Mila Kunderas novel The Unbearable Lightness of Being has a reoccurring paradox thread throughout his whole book, lightness versus weight. If we only have one opportunity at life, is it worth weighing our different paths against one another? If it isnt, then we live in a state of lightness. There are many characteristics to being light or having weight in your life. Lightness is characterized as not having any formal attachment to the meaning of your life; you live in the moment. People who are light tend to be more free-spirited and easy-going. People who carry the weight have more emotions, and attach more meaning to things in their life. People who carry weight are also more likely to join political parties, than someone who doesnt care someone who is light. When you carry the weight, you have more attachment to things and you invest your feelings, in turn you open yourself up to be hurt. Is lightness better and weight a burden, or does meaning only come from weight? To better understand what lightness and weight means, we look to Tomas and Tereza, introduced in the first chapter. Tomas enjoys the lightness and freedom in his life. Estranged from his family and divorced, Tomas has no attachments to anyone. Before he met Tereza, Tomas was a womanizer and never let the woman spend the night. Despite the fact that Tomas comes across as extremely selfish, but he is very compassionate and sympathetic. These feelings are an example of the influence of weight has on him, and lead to Tereza entering his life. Eventually, Tereza ends up representing the weight in Tomass life. She is characterized as being weight, she is very passionate about her interests, and shes very emotional. The heavy objects that surround Tereza represent this. For example, when Tereza moves in, Tomas accepts the burden of carrying her heavy suitcase, and the weight of her love. Tereza has always don ...

Can Machine Have a Conscience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Can Machine Have a Conscience - Essay Example Maybe the urge is, at times, nothing more than the pressures or influences of past parental or societal training or perhaps it may arise from some form of social instinct buried deep in humans or from the understanding it is in the longstanding concern of the agent. However, in any case, it should be noted humans do act autonomously of some form of desire unlike a machine, which is guided by humans (Pitrat 41). No matter how intelligent machines are, they cannot have human’s thoughts and lifestyles. In the last ten years, AI has really progressed due to an increase in research collaboration that has resulted in inventing computers with high processing speed. A lot of researchers propose that within the current century, the AI will cross that of human beings. Furthermore, individuals such as Hall have great expectation (Tucker and Patrick 54). Some scientists believe robots will carry out more difficult work instead of human’s work in the future. In some specific situations, robots could judge and perform tasks individually out of people’s control. All in all, some scientists predict that robots will become more intelligent to help people. Start by defining what a conscience is and people find it is an inner or deep sense of what wrong or right in one’s behavior, motives or conduct, impelling someone towards the right action. A conscience can also be defined as the ethical, as well as moral principles, which guide or inhibits someone’s thoughts or actions, and which can be argued to be an inhibiting sense of what is prudent.

International hospitality operation Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International hospitality operation - Coursework Example Introduction Fast foods have become a common mode of meals especially in many urban centers around the globe. Majority of urban dwellers find it easy to get into a cafeteria or fast food outlet to swiftly grab something and move on with their daily business without spending much time on cooking. This is a business that actually benefits both consumers and stake holders (Frank et al, 2006). However, research has shown that, most fast foods have various side effects and complications, especially those that require deep frying into cooking fat. The regular use of fast foods by urban dwellers also threatens the environment in terms of pollution. For instance, polythene bags that are used for wrapping foods are in most cases thrown all over after using them, especially in comfort and social places. Chances for expanding fast food outlets in Brazil Contract farming and factors that impinge youth Acceptance to Contract farming Contract farming is basically a system of farming where the prod uction and supply of both horticultural and agricultural products are produced by both primary produces as well as farmers (Philip & Morrison, 2006). Generally, farmers in particular have their terms specified in the contract. In such a contract, the commodity must be sold at a specified price, time and quantity. This type of farming has become the most favorable form of business that can boost the global food system (Silva, 2005). Contract farming has been advantageous to the farmers even though it is a risk taking issue. However, the risks are drastically reduced to an extent that the majority of them are adequately provided with farm inputs hence reducing the fear for losses that can be incurred. Furthermore, large scale farmers can also purchase the inputs at a low price (Silva, 2005). This alone has ensured that the input quality has been converted to the large amount of profits. In light with this, services such as mechanizations and transportation are provided to the farmers in accordance to the contract. With the advancement of technology, technological assistance is also provided to the farmers so as to boost their productions (Silva, 2005). The technical assistance crew also ensures that, the farmers are provided with management skills that can boost their contracted crops and livestock too. Market outlets are also put into consideration in the sense that, transaction costs are put into consideration so as to reduce the agony of searching for markets. As this goes on, the sales prices are also lowered. However, with the price fluctuation both internationally, as well as locally, such issues are also considered too (Silva, 2005). Residues from farms can also be useful. For instance, according to Brazil Fast Food Cooperation, 2009, manure from animals such as poultry can also be a source of income and as animal feeds, as well. Contract farming will always ensure that agricultural products are supplied to the market in large quantities (Silva, 2005). Su ch are the benefits firms like fast foods outlets come across. Since the contracts require specific quality product, this will ensure that fast food outlets and other firms are in a position to meet the requirements of their clients, as well as maintaining their standards (Silva, 2005). The mutual relationship between the farmers and contractors has also ensured that, farmers are able to access land through legal processes that burrs private companies to own land. Contracting allows such benefits in case

Affirmative Action Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Affirmative Action - Research Paper Example in moving what seemed to be unmovable in United States society’s African American rights, precipitated to the creation of the Affirmative Action law. Many quarters, especially the minorities and the women, saw the law as a milestone in human rights history. The affected societal members saw the law as an imperfect but preferable tool to eradicate the current social disease called discrimination (Boit, 2012). Further, the term Affirmative Action centers on the legal provisions of the action. The provisions ensure that equal opportunity is given to people from all walks of life. The law focuses on granting better work opportunities, school opportunities, and other social opportunities within the United States environment. The law specifically states that discrimination occurs when the individuals are unfairly treated because of their gender, race, or ethnicity (Boit, 2012). In the Ricci vs DeStefano case, 557 U.S. 2 (2009), The U.S. Supreme Court affirmed that the New Haven, Connecticut violated the Affirmative Action law when the government leaders discriminated against 20 firefighters. The firefighters passed the promotion examinations. However, the firefighters were promoted on the ground of race. Most of the complaints were African Americans. Two of complainants were Latinos. The Court gave a majority decision stating the government leaders committed discriminated against the 20 firefighters when they discarded the results of the complaining firefighter’s tests. Consequently, the discrimination violated Title 7 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Forst & Dempsey, 2011). Furthermore, the law focuses on two major discrimination areas. First, the equal opportunities are granting females and minorities in terms of work and other benefits. Likewise, the Affirmative Action law ensures that United States society is made up of a diversity of individuals, not a segregation of individuals. The law gives the disadvantaged female and minority individual the right to

The Analysis of Body Language Intercultural Communications

The Analysis of Body Language Intercultural Communications Abstract With the international communication becoming closer,except the verbal communication in daily life, we may encounter many body languages. These body languages can express their mood or even substitute one sentence. Therefore, in order to understand the intercultural communication better, this dissertation first introduces the relationship between culture and language, then briefly explains what body language is and its function in intercultural communication, subsequently, briefly analyses the differences of the same body language in different cultures. At last, the dissertation suggests that when studying English language, one cant ignore the huge body language, it will be helpful with our English study. Key words: Language; culture; body language; intercultural communication I. Introduction With the international communication becoming more and more frequently, Chinese people may have many chances to get in touch with foreigners. They always use many body languages with their talk. It is a funny phenomena. Shakespeare said Theres language in her eyes, her cheek, her lip, Nay, her foot speaks. Indeed, these body language not only can make their word lively, but also express the speakers mood, or even substitute a sentence. What the body language means when they use for communication?This is the necessary knowledge of English study. Any kind of body language is formed on the foundation of culture. Without understanding the true meaning of a body language, it will embarrass or make mistake. Therefore, this dissertation will analysis the differences of same body language in the different cultures and suggest to study English on the premise of understanding their culture. II. Literature review 2.1 Culture and language 2.1.1 Culture The definition of culture is evolving as time passes. In the west, at first it was used to describe some ability of person which represent a form of act. Then culture used to describe the real achievement of a instructed person. And in 1952, a book of Alfred L. Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn named Culture. A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions was give a general definition based on more than 160 kinds of cultures definition which was identified by modern east and west academic circle. And in China, its meaning was that with the understanding of all phenomena of human social, govern the world with instructing and inspiring. In the Confucian concept, wen not only means word, but also refer to all the rules of etiquette and music in general. In ancient Chinese language, culture meant guiding people with ethics. Culture is a complex concept and changing with human social. However, the word culture is most commonly used in three basic senses: Excellence of taste in the fine arts and humanities, also known as high culture An integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or group 2.1.2 Language Language is the important thinking and communicating tool of human being. With language people can keep and pass human civilization achievement. In general, any nation has its own language. It is a notable character of a nation and has long history. Language is closely related with thought. It is the carrier and exhibition form of thought. Language is a social phenomenon with stability and nationality. Though many animals can make sound to express their emotion or deliver message, these sounds are regular without change. Only person have language and can combine all the sounds that have no meaning to become a meaningful morpheme, then put these morphemes together in many ways to form utterance. Using infinite changing form to express infinite changing meaning. 2.1.3 The relationship between language and culture Culture and language are mutual dependence and can not be separated. Language is part of culture, it is the media of culture communication. We use language to communicate, and language is largely influenced by culture. The relationship between culture and language is on the foundation of nation. A nation produces language, at the same time produces culture. Edward Sapir thought that language can not exist without culture. The culture we talk about is social custom and belief. It can decide our life structure. Linguistician Palmer said that language faithfully reflects all the history and culture, game and amusement, belief and prejudice of a nation. As a part of nations culture, language reflects the nations visage, at the same time, language reflects the content of culture as form. Language is the important carrier of culture. Other carriers such as historical site, book, or painting, only show part or even a corner of culture. But language stores all the information of culture comprehensively. Language consists of voice, vocabulary and grammar. Vocabulary, especially the notional word, bear the important responsibility of carrying culture. Time passes, and many new words are coming into being, such as virtual floating, means netizens put their worries and secrets in the virtual bottle without knowing who will get it. All of these are anonymous. And kickback, the original of this word is that the International Olympic Committee will open an ethics investigation into Issa Hayatou over allegations the African football official took kickbacks from FIFAs former marketing agency. But these new words hardly possible become part of culture. Only those language fact that integrate into the bottom life deeply, chosen and washed out by history, enter the basic nation voc abulary is the sign of language affect culture profoundly. For example, Buddhism have been spreaded about 2000 years. Some words like free, retribution, disengagement, hell are coming from Buddhism. These words have already integrated into Chinese become part of it. Culture has effect on language semiotic system itself, language concept, thought and expression, and language learning. Nation culture is decided by the meaning of vocabulary. Different culture tradition and mentality have definitively function to it. Such as dragon, the western people have no favor to it, they thought it is monster, cruel person, stand for devil. But in ancient Chinese culture it stands for the son of heaven and the emperor, lucky and honorable. The reference content and way of culture are decided by the cultures person and persons culture. For example, Cantonese cant see snow for the whole year, so they do not distinguish ice and snow in concept. The northman say à ¥Ã¢â‚¬  Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ £Ã‚ , and Cantonese say à ©Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ªÃƒ ¦Ã‚ Ã‚ ¡. But the Eskimo who live in arctic pole always contact with snow and have a perceptive. There are more than 20 kinds of words used to describe different snow. As the carrier and express tool of thought, language promote the developm ent of thought, on the other hand, language is restricted by thought. For instance, Chinese say à §Ã‚ Ã‚ «Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¦, that is à §Ã‚ Ã‚ « and à ¨Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¦, looking into the physics function of à §Ã‚ Ã‚ « and à ¦Ã‚ ±Ã‚ ½. But in English, there is railway train, look into the move way of rail and track. To understand the culture of English countries is the important step of English study. The research of language and culture is divided into language culture and language in culture. So culture is divided into two part: big culture and small culture.(Bright, 1976) Here is a form: language Big culture other cultural phenomena Culture Verbal language Small culture Non-verbal language Body language is the important part of non-verbal language. Non-verbal language and culture are learned behaviour and social custom that rich in long history heritage. The relationship between both have these characters in someone like Samovar etals eyes: culture and non-verbal language can not be divided. Many non-verbal languages are the result of learning culture. The shaping and impacting of non-verbal behaviour are always decided by determinate culture environment. It is very important to understand the relationship between culture and non-verbal language. (Samovar etal, 1981) Samovar thought that through understanding the basic represent mode of some cultures non-verbal language, we can search peoples behaviour and attitude. Through non-verbal language mode can understand a sort of cultures value system. Through the research of non-verbal language can exclude the narrow ethnocentrism. The most realistic signification of researching the relationship between culture and non-verba l language in intercultural communication is to resolve the culture conflict in non-verbal language. People always do not realize the learning of their own culture, but very sensitive with other cultures non-verbal language and easily produce misunderstand. Worth the whistle, the culture conflict brought by non-verbal language is serious than that brought by verbal language. Because non-verbal language always is the expression of sensibility and emotion. Samovar put forward that to resolve the non-verbal language culture conflict in international communication should remember the follow three principles when understand the meaning of other cultures non-verbal language: 1. When pay attention to the behaviour of a non-verbal language can not ignore that there are manifold non-verbal language cooperative work in real communication. 2. Anyone can not list and describe all the non-verbal language in any culture. But if we can understand exactly the information of some usually used non-verbal language under the international communication environment, it will be helpful to understand the necessary information. 3. Only understand our cultures non-verbal language first, can we understand other cultures behaviour. Under international communication, to identify the message of non-verbal language should avoid modal or only notice superficies. Be sure to keep in mind that any non-verbal language does not appear lonely, nor deliver any message consciously. Pay special attention to that when study foreign language, international communication activity, and international research, for the need of communicating, studying and researching, people have to make a summation and generalization of the non-verbal language of the same country and the same language nation to sum up some representative non-verbal language. However, in real communication, people must find that the non-verbal language in the same country and nation are not just the same. Even in the same area, it is differ in thousands of ways between the people in different occupations, different age groups and different culture levels. Such as America which is famous for multinational immigrant living together, their non-verbal language are ver y hard to be consistent. So as the different English country, the differences are more further. III. Body language 3.1 Definition Body language is a way of communication that body movements which use head, eyes, neck, hands, arm, foot or other parts of the body to express peoples thought and emotions. Facial expressions, eye contact and other postures and gestures are the commonly used body movement. In a general sense of word, body language includes facial expression, in a narrow sense of word, body language only includes the meaning expressed by body and four limbs. The assortment of body language was advanced by Ruesch and Kees in 1956 according to the basic component of non-verbal language. It involves sign language, action language, and object language. The other assortment was advanced by M. Knapp in 1978 through the analysis of some pertinent researching and literatures. That are body motion and kinesics behaviour, physical characteristics, touching behaviour, paralanguage, proxemics, artifacts, environmental factors. Subsequently, Jensen advanced another statement: body motion and gestures, attitudes to ward time, attitudes toward space, general habits in communication. The research of human body language can trace back to Aristotle in Greek. The formally research was beginning from Darwin. In his 1872 book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals put forward that man and animals have many similar expressions. The systemic research of body language must come first Ray Birdwhistell. His 1952 book Introduction to Kinesics put forward the theory of kinesics. Made the body language become a coding system like verbal language to study the relationship between body movement and communication. Body Language of Julius Fast is a representative work that reflects the research result of body language. This book is known as the summary of the scientists research in the body language field. From then on, body language becomes a boundary science and produces new research result continuously. According to estimates, human body can make out more than 270,000 kinds of posture and movement. This is far more than the sound made out by human body. These postures and movements meaning are very complex. Some are definite and material as some are general and blurry. Some are used to communicate as some are used to self-express. Some are expressing emotion message as some are reflecting character and attitude. So the sort of body language is very complex. The body language classification method of Ekman and Friesen has important effent in non-verbal language communication educational circles. According to all the movements origin, usage and code, they divided human face and bodys continuous movement into five parts: 1. Symbolic movement: these movements have clearly meaning, such as the gesture express OK and victory. Symbolic movement always used to substitute verbal language. In general, they have distinct culture character. For example, the movement means suicide, in Japan, people use hand to simulate dagger to thrust the abdomen, and in America, people use hand to simulate a gun shot temple. 2. Illustrative movement: these kind of movements cooperate with verbal language directly to explain the meaning of the talking. For example, to emphasize a sentence, describe a thought, indicate a material, depict a space relationship, characterize a things rhythm and speed, portray a phenomena , describe a body movement, explain a sentences meaning, etc. 3. Emotion revealing movement: mainly through facial expression to show emotion or mood, of course the other part of body can also express these emotion. Express the emotion can repeat, exaggerate,deny the verbal language, or may be no relationship with it. Express the emotion always deliver the message of communication unconscious, but also can use it in communicating conscious. 4. Modulation movement: this kind of movement is used for maintaining or adjusting the talk in the face-to-face talk. It drops a hint that the speaker can keep talking, repeat again, explain further, speak fast or more lively, let other people have a talk, etc. In recent years, people pay attention to the research of the turn-talking in chat. Turn-talking means that telling the opposite side I want to talk; stopping the speaker changing the topic; asking the other side to give me a speaking chance; let the other side keep talking; telling the others that I have finish my talking and you can speak. The usually used movement is head and eye movement. 5. Adaptable movement: Ekman and Friesen divide it more further: 1). Self-adaptable movement: this kind of movement always happen on personally, such as, holding own hand, rubbing hand, grabing, scratching, clutching, nipping, whisking or gathering the cloth. In general, the emotion is more disconcerting, the pretty actions are more distinguished. Picking nose and wiping eyes belong to this kind. 2). Transformational adaptable movement: this kind of movement take place in the connect with other people. Such as, bringing or delivering, attacking or protecting, close or away. Leg movement can react that encroach, footsie or attack. Shaking hand or foot means fidgety that the person want to avoid talking. 3). Object adaptable movement: this kind of movement always relate to the using of material, such as smoking and writing. 3.2 The function of body language in intercultural communication As the necessary communication tool, body language has important function in intercultural communication. Bradford J. Hall(2002) summarized the mainly function of body language language: 1. Repetition: Body language can reinforce the verbal language by repeating the verbal message nonverbally, such as using a gesture, it can help the receiver understand the message easily. For example, when someone ask you where is the restaurant, you can point a certain direction when you say, the restaurant is north the library. Or we point to the question on the book we just ask. 2. Substitution: Body language can be used to replace some verbal language to deliver a certain meaning. When your friend meet a sad thing that make him cry, you can give him a hug. This is more powerful than any soothing words. 3. Contradiction: Body language sometimes can betray the speaker by sending contradictory message to the verbal language. The body language is often regarded as the powerful word than the spoken words. For example, we cant keep our face from blushing even say we dont nervous or we cant slow down our heartbeat if we are scared. And the teacher can find a student is wandering from the eyesight even though his eyes are staring the blackboard. So the body language is reliable than the verbal language sometimes. 4. Accentuation: It can force the power when you add a body language with your talk than only use verbal language. When you apologize to someone, if an apology show on you face, this can make your apology more conviction. In addition, body language can provide a complement to the verbal language. In some countries, you can up you thumb as the same time you give a admiration to your friends for his good performance. 5. Regulation: The body language also helps us to control the situation of our talking. For example, when we need a quiet, we can put our finger on our lip. IV. The analysis of the differences of the same body language in different cultures 4.1 The different meaning of the same body language in different cultures Here contrast some body languages that usually used but have different meaning. If you use a very awful body language, this might bring a badly result. 1. In China, up the thumbs means good to praise you are doing a good job, bravo and so on. It is same in many countries. If thumbs down means disagree, finish or youre game over. But in Australia, no matter it up or down is obscene. 2. Protrude the index finger means wait a minute in America, but in Australia it means one more beer. 3. Protrude the little finger means cowardly man in England as bet in America. 4. The V for victory or peace sign in America if made with the palm facing inward is taunting or sneering in England. It is very offensive to societys morals. 5. American people sometimes up head, palm facing down, index finger across the throat, it means Im full. I cant eat anymore. But it means decapitation in China. 6. When Chinese people communicating with foreign people, the most antipathetic movement is using index finger point the others casual. Indeed, the movement is in bad taste and impolite to western people. This is reproof and rebuke. 7. Chinese male like to put hands on other mans shoulder for a long time. And Chinese female frequently take other womans hand closely for long time. These shock the foreigners because they consider this gesture means homosexual. 8. When Chinese people receive or send a cup of water or a gift, they will use two hands to accept it to show appreciate and admiration. But American people dont care about whether use one or two hands. 9. When talking with American people Chinese like to put their hands crossed behind their back or into their pockets. But these gestures make the American think you are hiding guns in your hands. 10. Chinese may scratch their noses when feeling uncomfortable. This is confused the western people because in their culture this movement means Im telling a lie. 4.2 Some embarrassing examples due to misunderstanding of body language Under the same culture, people may have misunderstanding because of the body language, even the different culture. Culture difference in different countries, so the body language can express different meaning. If we do not understand the other peoples meaning, it will have misunderstanding and displeasure. For Examples: Tom is the manager of an American company in China. Recently, Li Lei, one of the Chinese staff makes a mistake at work. He is very upset about what had happened, so he comes to Toms office to apologize. Entering the office with smile. He says: I feel terribly sorry for the mistake. I am here to make a sincerely apology to you and promise that it will never happen again. When he said this, the smile always on his face. But Tom feels it is hard to accept and ask himAre you sure? Li says yes with smile. Tom is angry and saysYou dont look sorry at all. If you really feel sorry, how can you still smile? Li feels so embarrassed and does not know what to do. A Chinese student Wangdan and her friend, the American student Judy who studys in China were on the way to store. They saw a boy fell down on the ground. He tried to stand up while the surrounding people laughed. Luckily he was ok. Judy was worried but found Wangdan was smiling too. She was very curious and asked how could you laugh when someone else fell down. Why dont you help him to stand up and ask him whether he was hurt. Wangdan said, Because they know he was not hurt too much. But Judy still couldnt understand. She said, In my culture, if this was happen, we would do anything but laugh. The former examples are all about the smile. In daily life we usually smile, but in different culture, this ordinary movement can bring misunderstanding or some more serious results. When western people come across these situations, they will with solemn face to apologize or come to console the boy. Though smile means happy, it is the symbol for people in general, but in different culture, smiling in the communication are different. The western people think smile always means happy, high in spirits or think something is funny. But Chinese people often smile, because it not only means humours and satisfaction, also means embarrassment and protection, even a kind of evadable. So it confuses the western people, they say it is too hard to understand. In China, people sometimes use smile to eliminate embarrassment, also means never mind, and the person smile to self-mockery or play a joke. But if the affair is very serious, people will provide help but laugh out of court. So for the peopl e who do not know the meaning, this kind of smile will make them unhappy even produce antipathy. A Chinese student went to a American family and sent present to the child of this family,when he beckon to the little boy, yet the boy back off him. The hand movement is very abundant and with infective. Every gesture has its particular function. In the case, the Chinese student used Chinese gesture, which palm facing down and making a scratching motion with fingers to beckon. This is different in America that means to go away. When they let somebody to close up, their palm facing up or only move index finger. This is opposite to Chinese and may bring Chinese peoples repulsion. V. Conclusion After the briefly analysis of the analysis of body language in intercultural communications, we have a knowledge about the relationship between culture and language, and the influence of body language in the communication. The body language in our daily life is incalculable. Every one can use his body to represent himself. Body language is the same as verbal language to be the carrier of culture that may cause misunderstanding in the international communication because of culture difference. As an English major, to understand the culture of the target language is very important. Having the knowledge of body language will be helpful to us in intercultural communication.

Canine Heartworm Disease Essay -- Heartworm Disease Dogs

Canine Heartworm Disease Canine Heartworm Disease is a serious and potentially fatal disease caused by the parasite Dirofilaria Immitis. The disease can infect over 30 species, including humans, however dogs are the definitive host. The most common way this disease is transmitted from one animal to the next is through mosquitoes. A mosquito carrying infective heartworm larvae bites a dog and transmits the infection to them. The larvae grow, develop, and migrate in the body over a period of 6 to 7 months, in which time they become sexually mature male and female worms. this is the prepatent period. The worms then reside in the heart, lungs, and associated blood vessels. The worms begin to mate and release microfilaria into the blood stream. When a mosquito bites an infected dog it takes in some of the microfilaria in the blood. After 10 to 30 days there is larvae in the mosquito’s salivary gland which can then be passed on to the next dog the mosquito bites. Canine Heartworm Disease can also be transmitted to puppies through the placenta of an infected mother. However in this case the puppies will only be carriers, but this makes them at risk of severe reactions when starting canine heartworm prevention. Another way larvae can be passed is through blood transfusions. To prevent this all donors must be cleared of heartworm disease before donating. Dogs infected with Canine Heartworm Disease can have from 1 to 250 worms living in them for 5 to 7 years. The organs us...

Dr.Jack Kevorkian

â€Å"Dr. Death† Dr. Jack Kevorkian Dr. Jack Kevorkian was known as â€Å"Dr. Death† since at least 1956, when he conducted a study photographing patients' eyes as they died. Results established that blood vessels in the cornea contract and become invisible as the heart stops beating. And he made a lot of other ways to make people like handicapped or anyone who suffer from anything in his life to kill himself, he claims to have assisted at least 130 patients to that end, and he famously said that â€Å"dying is not a crime†. People and the government disagreed with Dr. Kevorkian’s behavior for many several reasons. First his not a god to control the death of people to make them not feel pain and not to face their diseases and destroy them , he is like telling people that life is not worth living for and problems are not going to be solved except with death. In September of 1998 he videotaped the death of Thomas Youk; the tape was broadcast by CBS television's  60 Minutes  in November, what a cruel thing to videotape? The death of man and broadcast it on live T. V. This man made a hundreds of families miserable with his invention â€Å"Mercitron† (mercy machine). If he is deciding for people weather to live or die by acting if u don’t feel pain then live, if u experience death it will be much helpful and comfortable. Then what is the importance of god, I thought he was the one who knows who will die and when, and can make all of the people of earth die in one second and live in one second. There are only a few cases where someone is allowed to take a life and even these cases are not agreed upon. These cases could be in self defense or if someone is badly injured or sick and there is no medical care that could help him and living on even for a minute will cause suffering beyond imagination. But there has never been a case where some loco doctor wants to experiment death on other and people agreed with him. This must mean that this is one sick person and no one agrees with him because it is not human. Thank god of course that the U. S. Supreme Court ruled that Americans who want to kill themselves but are physically unable to have no constitutional right to end their lives. Kevorkian was sentenced to 10-25 years in prison, but was paroled in 2007, in failing health and nearing his own death by the order of god not by a machine.

Discussion Post Example

Discussion Post Example Discussion Post – Coursework Example Discussion Post Oil prices are linked to a variety of factors ranging from the usual demand and supply to political influences. One factor is the increase in exploration of oil in the Americas. New legislation is allowing exploration of oil in various regions within America, where this activity was not allowed previously. Mexico is continuously struggling to get access to the technology that is essential to explore its underground oil reserves (Jervy this is rapidly becoming a cheaper alternative to oil (Miller, 2015). Keeping in view these circumstances, the older players in the field of oil are forced to reduce the oil prices dramatically, primarily due to the fact that their influence an only be maintained if worldwide interest in their product is maintained. The impact of falling oil prices on other sectors of the economy like housing and travel will be positive, since reduced prices contribute to a fall in the services and production costs (Zimpleman, 2015). Since transportatio n of goods is an unavoidable aspect of trade and business, reduced prices of transportation are likely to contribute significantly in this regard. In areas where oil is routinely used for energy production, reduced oil prices will pave way for further progress by decreasing the costs of energy. Keeping in view these circumstances, it can be concluded that reduction in oil prices is likely to bestow new life to our economy in the coming future. ReferencesJervy,  B., & Horn,  S. (2014). "No Turning Back:" Mexicos Looming Fracking and Offshore Oil and Gas Bonanza | DeSmogBlog. Retrieved  January  29, 2015, from desmogblog.com/2014/05/12/no-turning-back-mexico-looming-fracking-and-offshore-oil-and-gas-bonanzaMiller,  J. (2014). Oil Price Drop and Effect Causes | The Energy Collective. Retrieved  January  29, 2015, from http://theenergycollective.com/jemillerep/2146151/are-declining-oil-prices-increasing-risks-opec-us-energy-security-or-clean-fuels-Zimpleman,  L.  D. (2 015). The Effects of Lower Oil Prices – At A Glance - WSJ. Retrieved  January  29, 2015, from http://blogs.wsj.com/briefly/2015/01/13/the-effects-of-lower-gas-prices-at-a-glance/

Why Atoms Form Chemical Bonds With Each Other

Why Atoms Form Chemical Bonds With Each Other Atoms form chemical bonds to make their outer electron shells more stable. The type of chemical bond maximizes the stability of the atoms that form it. An ionic bond, where one atom essentially donates an electron to another, forms when one atom becomes stable by losing its outer electrons and the other atoms become  stable (usually by filling its valence shell) by gaining the electrons. Covalent bonds form when sharing atoms results in the highest stability. Other types of bonds besides ionic and covalent chemical bonds exist, too. Bonds and Valence Electrons The very first electron shell only holds two electrons. A hydrogen atom (atomic number 1) has one proton and a lone electron, so it can readily share its electron with the outer shell of another atom. A helium atom (atomic number 2), has two protons and two electrons. The two electrons complete its outer electron shell (the only electron shell it has), plus the atom is electrically neutral this way. This makes helium stable and unlikely to form a chemical bond. Past hydrogen and helium, its easiest to apply the octet rule to predict whether two atoms will form bonds and how many bonds they will form. Most atoms need eight electrons to complete their outer shell. So, an atom that has two outer electrons will often form a chemical bond with an atom that lacks two electrons to be complete. For example, a sodium atom has one lone electron in its outer shell. A chlorine atom, in contrast, is short one electron to fill its outer shell. Sodium readily donates its outer electron (forming the Na ion, since it then has one more proton than it has electrons), while chlorine readily accepts a donated electron (making the Cl- ion, since chlorine is stable when it has one more electron than it has protons). Sodium and chlorine form an ionic bond with each other to form table salt (sodium chloride). A Note About Electrical Charge You may be confused about whether the stability of an atom is related to its electrical charge. An atom that gains or loses an electron to form an ion is more stable than a neutral atom if the ion gets a full electron shell by forming the ion. Because oppositely charged ions attract each other, these atoms will readily form chemical bonds with each other. Why Do Atoms Form Bonds? You can use the periodic table to make several predictions about whether atoms will form bonds and what type of bonds they might form with each other. On the far right-hand side of the periodic table is the group of elements called the noble gases. Atoms of these elements (e.g., helium, krypton, neon) have full outer electron shells. These atoms are stable and very rarely form bonds with other atoms. One of the best ways to predict whether atoms will bond with each other and what type of bonds they will form is to compare the electronegativity values of the atoms. Electronegativity is a measure of the attraction an atom has to electrons in a chemical bond. A large difference between electronegativity values between atoms indicates one atom is attracted to electrons, while the other can accept electrons. These atoms usually form ionic bonds with each other. This type of bond forms between a metal atom and a nonmetal atom. If the electronegativity values between two atoms are comparable, they may still form chemical bonds to increase the stability of their valence electron shell. These atoms usually form covalent bonds. You can look up electronegativity values for each atom to compare them and decide whether an atom will form a bond or not. Electronegativity is a periodic table trend, so you can make general predictions without looking up specific values. Electronegativity increases as you move from left to right across the periodic table (except for the noble gases). It decreases as you move down a column or group of the table. Atoms on the left-hand side of the table readily form ionic bonds with atoms on the right side (again, except the noble gases). Atoms in the middle of the table often form metallic or covalent bonds with each other.

Labor Unions and Their Impact on the Economy Essay - 1

Labor Unions and Their Impact on the Economy - Essay Example As the report declares the state employees are not happy with the proposal of the governor that they would have to make a contribution of 5.8 % of their salary towards schemes of pension along with the payment of 12.6 % of their insurance premiums for health. In this report of the research paper, various arguments in support of the union’s protest will be presented.This paper highlights that on  February 15, 2011, the public employees, community supporters and union activists in a number of more than 15,000 jammed at the Capitol Square in Madison for protesting the governor’s plan to band the rights of the workers and demolish jobs of middle class community of the society. The governor denied making any changes in his plans and has mentioned that if the bill is not passed by the state legislature, he would compel massive layoffs along with hampering of state services and thus would cost several jobs.  The move of the governor has been demonstrated as a way of politi cal business that is interested in taking the rights away from the people. The appeal of a few protestors is such that they are in complete support to the governor’s activities for balancing the budget but not at the sake of the worker’s rights, as evident from the views of a retired Communications Workers of America member.  The protestors mentioned that the governor was imparting the bad effects of a budget bill by setting up such a policy that would take away the general rights of the people.

Middle East Conflict Resolution and the Arab Spring Essay

Middle East Conflict Resolution and the Arab Spring - Essay Example The region has shown higher economic growth from 1965 to 1985. However, due to several conflicts and wars prevailed in the region, its economic growth and development has drastically fallen. The conflicts in the Middle East region have been a never ending process from centuries. The recent conflicts in the region have significantly affected its economic progression as compared to others. One of the major conflicts, which took place in the recent past few years, is the Syrian Civil war. More importantly, there always have been conflicts amid the two Islamic groups of the region, including Sinai and Shia (Soliman, 2013; Wilson, 2012). The conflicts among the two Islamic groups have resulted into devastating economic and social loss from decades. Similarly, in last decade, a devastating war in Iraq can be witnessed, wherein millions of people have been affected. Moreover, as a result of certain issues including corruption and terrorist attack among others, there has been extreme downfall in the developmental procedure of the economy of the region. This certainly resulted into discouraging the conduct of business efficiently in the region. Thus, the people of the region in order to bring back the economy on track, protested with the conduct of certain revolutionary activities against the government. One of such significant revolutionary acts can be ascertained as the Arab Spring. The activities involved in the revolt included riots, tremendous civil disobedience, self immolation and strikes that disrupted the normal functionalities of the region (Soliman, 2013; Wilson, 2012). Contextually, the prime intent of this essay is to discuss and analyze one of the significant issues i.e. â€Å"Middle East Conflict Resolution and the Arab Spring† with prime focus on determining its impact on modern businesses. In this similar context, various

Prop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prop - Essay Example County mental health programs help the individual with no or insufficient health care. Proposition 63 found a way to help boost these programs to help the needy with mental illness. The tax used was only the wealthiest individuals that make millions or even billions of dollars. These tax dollars go for prevention and maintenance through therapy and medication. For example, schizophrenics generally are diagnosed in their late twenties to early thirties. Schizophrenia can be inherited from parents. If a county mental health program is already servicing a parent, the child could receive counseling and information. When the symptoms occurred, the adult child could receive treatment through the county, or their own insurance. The education and preventive counseling could help a schizophrenic become a productive citizen, instead of a violent criminal on no medication. Proposition 63 helps the mentally ill. Instead of taxing the rich for more prisons, this measure helps create more taxpayers. Instead of housing the mentally ill, this measure helps them live productive lives. Proposition 67, or the California Emergency and Medical Services Funding Telephone Surcharge Initiative Constitutional Amendment Statute, is a percentage tax on all phone calls, landlines or cellphone, in the State of California. I believe that Proposition 67 is unfair. It taxes all calls to fund 911, EMS, and Emergency Room costs. This tax is levied on all calls, whether made by the rich or poor. Businesses are not exempt from this tax. It also is not required to have an audit like other tax funded programs. Not all those that are taxed will receive the services from Proposition 67. Tourists, visitors, and anyone in California will pay this tax. Many of the individuals that are taxed will never use 911, EMS, or Emergency Room services. EMS and Emergency Room visits should be paid for by medical insurance or other state programs like Medicaid or Medicare. If this

Teacher as Managers Essay Example for Free

Teacher as Managers Essay There are five behavioral steps in the differentiation of the effective delegator and the ineffective delegator. In this case, the manager of a contracts group, Ricky Lee, who is part of a large regional office supply distributor realized his limitations in terms of capacity when he received a new assignment. Ricky lee knew he needed to delegate this assignment in order to meet his current project deadline and also meet the needs of his boss. The first step Ricky needs to do is assess his employees and determine who has demonstrated a clear understanding of negotiating contracts, and also who has proven excellent results in negotiating with manufacturers. When Ricky identifies an employee who has knowledge, and demonstrated success contract negotiation like his employee, Bill Harmon, Ricky needs to evaluate if Bills workload would allow him to take on a new project. The next step Ricky needs to do is have a private conversation with Bill and clearly outline the parameters and scope of this project. Ricky needs to make sure that Bill understands what is expected by clarifying and asking open-ended questions. Ricky needs to make sure Bill does not have any unanswered questions regarding the development of the department’s new procedures manual for negotiating contracts with office product’s manufacturers. Therefore, Ricky will allow Bill to participate in the decisions since he will be held accountable for this task. Ricky needs to clearly explain that this needs to be completed by the end of the month, and make sure that Bill feels comfortable and accepting of the time commitment. Ricky needs to make sure that Bill has the ability to work this project as he see fit, however his authority is limited to only the parameters of the project. Bills needs to understand this his authority to all other aspects of his job or the job of other works has not changed. Ricky needs to ensure that Bill understands and accepts that his range and discretion are limited to the scope of the project only. In allowing the employee to participate, Ricky must understand that Bill may have his personal self-interests and biases that may cause a potential problem in not committing fully or deterring him from taking on the delegation of the new assignment. Ricky will need to listen to learn and use open-ended questions to redirect the personal biases and self-interests. Some employees find themselves facing challenges because they immediately think about themselves and have a tendency to exhibit impartial judgment, which is not always fair in a workplace environment. Employees have to do what’s right for them, but also remember that this is a business. When presenting open-ended questions, this provides Ricky the opportunity to answer all of Bill’s questions or concerns in a positive manner. Ricky is able to provide Bill with all of the answers and support and even resources that Bill needs. For instance, if Bill says â€Å"I do not have the the first written copy of the resource manual and I am not sure who has it. † Ricky may respond, â€Å"Well Bill, I have it in my office and I will commit to have it to you by 12pm. † This provides Bill with the resource he needs and Ricky may ask some more open-ended questions using who, what, where, when, and why to get Bill to open up about any questions or concerns. Personal biases influence the way another person may think about a particular object, place, or person. The employees who are judgmental may focus on ways to degrade their peers or have difficulty in taking on a new task. This creates a negative culture and does not motivate a team to perform to its fullest. Many employees can see being bias in a workplace both negatively and positively. They are normally personal biases which are formed through a person that may have been predisposed during childhood, environment, through another person’s own biases without researching, and/or experiences. The Assignment that Bill Harmon has agreed to take on will outline the steps followed in negotiating contracts with office products’ manufacturers who supply the organization’s products. It is important to inform everyone involved of the delegation. Anne Zumwalt and any other managers that may be involved with this project or directly affected by the outcome will be informed of Bill’s commitment to take on this new task. It is important that Ricky informs all employees affected by this delegation of Bill taking on this project and to inform employees on how much authority Bill has committed to. This provides a sense of pride and ownership over the project for Bill and he is fully aware that he will be held accountable for the end-product. When setting the parameters of this project with Bill it will be important to determine how Bill and Ricky will establish feedback channels. Bill must know how to communicate with Ricky about the project. It is important to know the stages that Bill may provide feedback to Ricky. Ricky should also inform Bill on how he intends on monitoring the project and how often he will be checking in. Bill should provide commitment and understanding on exact deadlines (end of the month on a specific date) and expectations. It is crucial that Bill knows if any problems should arise then Ricky should be contacted as soon as possible so they are able to work through it in the most proactive and efficient way.

Innovation, Change and Enterprise in the UK

Innovation, Change and Enterprise in the UK Craig Rhodes 1 (a) Critically evaluate why innovation and enterprise is so important for the UK and global economy and what can be done to encourage it? Developing an innovation strategy requires a clear definition of what is meant by innovation. Innovation is the effective commercial utilisation of new ideas. It refers to the scientific, technological, organisational, financial, and business accomplishments that lead to the introduction of new or substantially improved products, practices, services or entire business models. Innovation can be incremental or extreme. It ranges from small improvements in existing products, processes and services at one end of the spectrum to extreme changes associated with breakthrough products, disruptive change and brand new ideas at the other end. A great deal of innovation takes place in the middle of the scale where organisations develop and produce new products, processes and services for existing markets and consumers. Innovation is not always determined by new technology. An organisation can develop completely new products such as Apples iTunes and iPad platform using recognised technologies. Innovation involves varying degrees of risk and needs different resources and processes for its successful implementation. Incremental innovation encourages less risky enhancements by extending existing processes, products or services. Innovation almost always involves change. The word enterprise describes the actions of someone who shows some initiative by taking a risk by setting up, investing in and running a business. (http://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/starting-a-business-what-is-enterprise). This person can seem to be willing to take a risk and making things happen. The person will show initiative by seeing a potential business opportunity and tries to make it work. This can be seen as a bold or risky move for example investing in an opportunity with the potential of losing the investment should it all go wrong. Most of the time it will be a decisive person that shows enterprise. There is a need to innovate especially in UK/Global public service organisations due to their importance and size in developed countries. In the past century public service organisation have grown at a great pace. Such organisations as the NHS and American Education for example have grown and to survive its vital that they take the lead in innovation. Drucker (2007) expresses that pubic service institutions face similar situations, the knowledge is there and the need to innovate is clear. They now have to learn how to build the entrepreneurship and innovation into their own system. Otherwise they will find themselves superseded by outsiders who will create competing entrepreneur public service institutions and so render the existing one obsolete Drucker (2007) There is an increasing attention or support to Innovation, that innovation development is key to create/maintain/improve economic/organisation competitive advantage and secure organisation sustainability growth. Innovation is driven by the ability to see connections, to spot opportunities and to take advantage of them Tadd, Bessant (2009, p1). The key link between Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Change is that you cant really do one without involving the other is some form.An Innovation is the main source for an entrepeuneur, and its usally an innovation or entrepenuer that forces change within an organisation. Importance of Innovation and Enterprise Drucker (2007) refers to innovation and enterprise as a venture that can result in the creation of new wealth from making effective use of existing resources. Innovation commences with analysing opportunities, systematically reviewing these and exploiting these to gain maximum economic returns for organisations. Drucker (2007) has identified seven sources of opportunity that can lead to innovation. These include the enterprises own unexpected successes and failures and of its competition, incongruities (particularly in a process, for instance, production, distribution, or incongruities in customer behaviour), process needs, changes in industry and market structures, demographic changes, changes in meaning and perception and new knowledge (Drucker, 2007). Schumpeter (1934, 1939) classified innovation into five types; new products, new manufacturing processes, new sources of supply, exploration of new markets and new methods of organising business activities. Product innovation is the invention and commercialisation of completely new products and services. Process innovation involves bringing considerable improvements in the way products are made. Process innovation takes place by adopting new technologies (Schumpeter (1934, 1939). Inauen and Schenker-Wicki (2012) innovation has become essential for companies as it is resulting in the availability of knowledge, is facilitating technology transfer and fusion and is reducing innovation cycles. It is helping organisations in developing and maintaining their competitiveness and achieving success. It is assisting companies in exploring and exploiting new opportunities for commercialization. Innovation is a critical driver of economic change (Inauen and Schenker-Wicki, 2012). The views of Inauen and Schenker-Wicki (2012) are consistent with Joly et al (2010). According to Joly et al (2010) innovation is essential for organisations as it helps them in the creation of new products that can solve their customers everyday life problems. Innovation creates wealth and is a major driver of economic growth and development. Von Schomberg (2011) research also states that innovation is the key driver for organisational improvement and success. Niu et al (2013) believes that innovation and enterprise helps organisations in effectively exploiting new opportunities and using their resources to transform innovative ideas into successful outcomes (Niu et al, 2013). Whilst there is no doubt that innovation and enterprise is important for the growth of companies, national and international economies, yet it does suffer from some risks. The key risks of innovation and enterprise are that it requires considerable investment in financial and human resources. There is the risk that innovation can be copied by competitors. Innovation can be risky and lead to uncertain commercial returns (Hayes, 2014). Innovation and enterprise can be encouraged by understanding and applying the principles of change management in organisations. Furthermore, using open innovation, understanding national cultures, customers needs, crowdsourcing, user innovation, recruiting and training people, developing leaders can greatly assist organisations in effectively encouraging innovation. To compete effectively in intensely competitive business environments, organisations need to treat innovation as an essential part of their corporate strategy and not as a one off event. Continuous and consistent innovation is the key to organisational success in the global economy. Change Management Change Management is key to effective innovation and enterprise. It can be used to help employees go through the transition of accepting and implementing change within an organisation. Successful change management enables employees to understand the reasons for change. Part 2 of this essay goes into depths of why Change management is so important. Types of Change Harvard Business School (2003) states that businesses respond to challenges of new technology, new markets new competitors and consumer demand with four programs to overcome these obstacles. These four categories of change are: Structural Change Where the business is treated as a machine style model that are set up of different functions. During this change high level managements usually with the help of external consultants attempt to change these functions so they are able to accomplish a greater overall performance. Examples of previous endeavours for structural change have involved company mergers, acquisitions of other businesses and closure/reduction of operating units. Cost Cutting The main motivation for this type of change is the removal of areas of the business where there are less important activities and functions of a business where the company can squeeze extra cost out of operations. This may involve in department closures, redundancies or cuts in budgets when companies are going through tough times. Process Change The aim of this change is fundamentally a way of making operating processes quicker, more effective, more reliable and less costly, so basically an emphasis on changing how things get done in the business. Cultural Change This change concentrates on the human aspect of the business, where an organisation focuses on the relationship between the management and employees and look at the methods of how they do business. A shift from command and control management to participative management is an example of cultural change. Harvard Business School (2003) Process of Change Kurt Lewin a German-American psychologist introduced a straight forward model of process change which involves three stages that helps to understand the change process. The first stage is unfreezing which includes helping an organisation and its employees accept that change is required. Examining old processes, systems, employees and ways of thinking can show employees how important it is that the organisation changes. Communication in this part of the process is extremely important as it allows the business to inform the employees of the reasons for change, how it will benefit them and when the change will go ahead. The second stage is the Change Step, the transition period, where the implementation of the change takes place. This will be the point in the change process where reality hits the organisation that change is definitely happening, this is where it is key to continue clear communication as people will struggle to adapt to the idea of change, from this there will be resistance, panic and uncertainty. The final stage of Lewins model is Re-Freezing. This is the stage where the organisation looks for reinforcement and stabilisation after the implementation of change. This step was highlighted by Lewin as particularly important after Implementation to ensure that people do not revert back to previous ways of thinking or doing. The organisation has to attempt to guarantee the change is not lost and is reinforced into the Culture of and thinking of the organisation moving forward. Theories of Change The theory of change is a method that can help organisations in successfully achieving their change objectives and outcomes. The theory states that every change proposal needs to be carefully planned, requires the participation of others and needs to be evaluated to ensure that the planned activities are achieved. The theory states the long term goals of change and then maps these backwards to identify required preconditions (Brest, 2010). Organisations can successfully innovate through careful planning, seeking the participation and engagement of their employees and evaluating the degree to which innovation has been effective in improving organisational performance. Recognise and diagnosing the need for change. Recognising and diagnosing the need for change can be done by analysing the types of change, the context of change, using the cultural web model and forcefield analysis (Johnson et al, 2010). Encouraging Innovation and Enterprise Conclusion Innovation and enterprise is very important for the growth, development and survival of organisations in the UK and in the global economy. Innovation and enterprise enhance organisations competitive advantages and improve performance and productivity. However, innovation and enterprise suffers from the risks that it requires considerable financial investment and generate uncertain commercial returns. For businesses, innovation means sustained or improved growth. The innovative company or organisation delivers higher profits for its owners and investors. For employees, innovation means new and more interesting work, better skills and higher wages. Equally, an absence of innovation can lead to business stagnation and a loss of jobs. For the economy as a whole innovation is the key to higher productivity and greater prosperity for all. Innovation and enterprise can be encouraged by understanding and applying the principles of change management in organisations. Furthermore, using open innovation, understanding national cultures, customers needs, crowdsourcing, user innovation, recruiting and training people, developing leaders can greatly assist organisations in effectively encouraging innovation. To compete effectively in intensely competitive business environments, organisations need to treat innovation as an essential part of their corporate strategy and not as a one off event. Continuous and consistent innovation is the key to organisational success in the global economy. 1(b) Using relevant examples consider why innovation and change is often difficult to manage within organisations and how this can be overcome? In todays competitive business world change is the most critical factor in business. With heavy competition, technology and demographical forces pushing towards business change. There are not many businesses that can escape from change. The reasons for a business to adopt change is to maintain employee engagement, increase productivity and improve their performance to new levels. Sometimes change can be implemented due to a change in strategic direction. Change is brought in to make a difference from the past to the present. Change in the organisation can also mean embedding new technologies and creating new work practices into sections of the business. Technological change and new work practices in the organisation shows an impact on the way the business going. If a Business decides on implementing change within the organisation, they will need a team of members to encourage and manage the change. Charles Darwin once said It is not the strongest species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the ones who are most responsive to change The Change process can be a very complex problem and managing it is equally as complex. This is why change is a process that must be carefully planned and executed. So, why is it difficult to manage? Well you can start with the fact that Change can sometimes arrive unexpectedly. A business may not be ready for change. One way of overcoming difficulties when managing change is by having effective Leadership during the change process. The leadership approach has to be focused towards increased and continuous communication. Â   Â